Detection of the View of the Foot Radiographs

Purpose	Detect the view (AP, lateral, oblique) of weight-bearing foot radiographs
Tag(s)	bilateral foot, foot, x-rays, radiographs, feet, AP, frontal, oblique, lateral, 3-view, 2-view, 1-view
Panel	Pediatric
Define-AI ID	21010010
Originator	Pediatrics Panel
Lead	Viet Le & Alex Towbin
Panel Chair	Steven Blumer
Panel Reviewers	Pediatric Panel
License	Creative Commons 4.0
Status	Public Comment
RadElement Set	RDES199

Clinical Implementation

Value Proposition

It is important to determine which weight-bearing view of the foot/feet are being evaluated as certain measurements/angles are dependent on the particular view.

Narrative(s)

3-year-old female presents to the pediatrician with abnormal gait and in-toeing. Bilateral, weight-bearing AP/lateral/oblique foot radiographs are obtained for evaluation of foot deformities.

6-month-old male presents for contractures/abnormal positioning of the feet. Bilateral, AP/lateral/oblique foot radiographs with simulated weight-bearing are obtained for evaluation of foot deformities.

Workflow Description

Radiographs of the foot/feet are ordered, obtained, sent to PACS and the algorithm is triggered.

The algorithm delivers the following outputs:

AP or frontal, lateral, oblique.

Yes (=1) or No (=0)

Considerations for Dataset Development

Procedures	X-ray, Foot Radiograph, Foot
Gender	Male, Female
Age (years)	0-18
Views	AP or Frontal, Lateral, Oblique
Technique	Weight-bearing, Simulated Weight-Bearing, Non-weight-bearing, Supine, Portable, Standing
Anatomy	Foot
Text to Identify	AP, anteroposterior, frontal, lateral, lat, oblique, Obl
Series Description	DICOM Tag (0x0008,0c103e)

Technical Specifications

Input

DICOM Study

Procedure	X-ray, Foot Radiograph
Views	AP or Frontal or Lateral or Oblique
Data Type	DICOM
Modality	X-ray
Body Region	Lower Extremity
Anatomic Focus	Foot

Primary Outputs

Text Detection of View: AP, anteroposterior, frontal

RadElement ID	RDE123
Definition	Text label on image or within series description DICOM tag containing “AP”, “Frontal”, “Anteroposterior”, “anterior/posterior”, or similar variants
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A

Text Detection of View: Lateral, lat

RadElement ID	RDE124
Definition	Text label on image or within series description DICOM tag containing “lateral” or “lat” or similar variants
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A

Text Detection of View: Oblique

RadElement ID	RDE125
Definition	Text label on image or within series description DICOM tag containing “oblique” or “obl” or similar variants
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A

Secondary Outputs

Determination of AP View

RadElement ID	RDE126
Definition	Is there an AP or frontal view?
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A
Notes	Presence of an AP or frontal view if the value set = 1 for primary output #1 and 0 for primary outputs #2 and #3.

Determination of Lateral View

RadElement ID	RDE127
Definition	Is there a Lateral view?
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A
Notes	Presence of a lateral view if the value set = 1 for primary output #2 and 0 for primary outputs #1 and #3.

Determination of Oblique View

RadElement ID	RDE128
Definition	Is there an Oblique view?
Data Type	Categorical
Value Set	No Yes
Units	N/A
Notes	Presence of an oblique view if the value set = 1 for primary output #3 and 0for primary outputs #1 and #2.

Future Development Ideas

Future applications can be expanded to use in broader evaluation of cases for nearly all types of radiographs, including various body parts (ie, chest radiograph or upper extremity radiographs). Image feature analysis may also be used (in place of DICOM tag lookup or image text label) to determine projection (AP, lateral, oblique, etc).